Applications of Mass Spectrometry for the Study of Direct Reduction and Smelting Reduction Processes
Abstract: Mass spectrometry is a versatile analytical technique that enables detailed identification and quantification of reaction gases in high-temperature metallurgical processes. This paper presents applications of the technique to the study of direct reduction and smelting reduction of iron-bearing materials using a residual gas analysis system connected to a reduction furnace. The experimental setup enables the monitoring of key gases, including H2, CO, CO2, and H2O, providing valuable insights into reaction kinetics, by-product formation and decomposition processes. Challenges related to calibration, water vapour measurement and gas condensation are discussed alongside technical solutions such as gas bypass installation, outlet heating and controlled argon purging. Selected experimental results demonstrate the capability of the system to capture gas evolution during solid- and liquid-state reductions. These studies confirm that mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for understanding reduction mechanisms and optimising process parameters in hydrogen metallurgy and related low-carbon steelmaking pathways.
Key words: mass spectrometry, gas analysis, hydrogen metallurgy, direct reduction, smelting reduction, reduction kinetics
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